The following three sample research papers are typical of the papers that might be submitted in different kinds of courses. Reading these papers will help you learn about organizing an argument and working with sources. The papers also demonstrate the use of MLA style to document sources and the formatting of the margins, line spacing, and other physical attributes of a printed paper. The MLA’s guidelines on formatting papers appear elsewhere on this site. When you are writing papers in college, you will require structures that will support ideas that are more complex than the ones you considered in high school. Introductions: Your introduction should accomplish two things: it should declare your argument rubrics for essay example, and it should place your argument within the larger, ongoing conversation about your topic. Often writers will do the latter before they do the former. That is basic essay writing topics, they will begin by summarizing what other scholars have said about their topic, and then they will declare what they are adding to the conversation. Even when your paper is not a research paper you will be expected to introduce your argument as if into a larger conversation. "Place" your argument for your reader by naming the text, the author, the issues it raises, and your take on these issues. Can I answer the questions who cyborg essays, what, when, where, why, how? Why do I think so? How can I find out more? Summarize. First, summarize what the primary text is saying. You'll notice that you can construct several different summaries, depending on your agenda.
Writing College Research Papers (How It Differs From Writing in High School) Synthesize. When you analyze, you break down a text into its parts. When you synthesize, you look for connections between ideas. In analyzing, you might come up with elements that seem initially disparate. You may have some observations that at first don't seem to gel. Or you may have read various critical perspectives, all of them in disagreement with one another. Now would be the time to consider whether these disparate elements or observations might be reconciled, or synthesized. This intellectual exercise requires that you create an umbrella argument -- some larger argument under which several observations and perspectives might stand. This is where you begin to think about formulating a thesis. When you begin to answer all of these questions, you have started to reckon with what has been called "the rhetorical stance." "Rhetorical stance" refers to the position you take as a writer in terms of the subject and the reader of your paper. What do I know about the topic that might help my reader to understand it in new ways? How does one move from personal response to analytical writing? However, if you are asked to write an academic paper on the short story, then you will want to know more. You will want to have certain terms in hand so that you can explain what Alexie is doing in key moments. You will want to be familiar with Alexie's other works so that you can understand what themes are important to him and his work. Moreover, if you are this short story in an upper-level literature class, you will want to be aware of different critical perspectives on Alexie's work and on American Indian literature in general, so that you can "place" your argument within the larger ongoing conversation. Much of what you learned in high school will be useful to you as you approach writing in college: you will want to write clearly, to have an interesting and arguable thesis, to construct paragraphs that are coherent and focused help writing essay for scholarship, and so on. So how does a student make a successful transition from high school to college? What DON'T I know about my topic? 3. Academic writing should present the reader with an informed argument. To construct an informed argument, you must first try to sort out what you know (knowledge) about a subject from what you think (personal opinion) about a subject. If your paper fails to inform, or if it fails to argue, then it will fail to meet the expectations of the academic reader. Additionally, the loss of the essence of citizenship due to lack of compulsory conscription has resulted in the degradation of national unification. The United States contains two distinctly separate worlds essay teenagers, one civilian and one military. There is no cohesion between the two. Immediately preceding the calamitous events of 9/11, Robert Putnam, political scientist and professor of public policy at Harvard University, wrote a book about the American lack of social cohesion (Grigsby 111). Furthermore, Grigsby adds that although the 9/11 tragedy led to emergency personnel response and personal sacrifice, as well as a surge in patriotism and an increase in American interest in service to country, it did not result in any notable increase in volunteering or other support services (111). Even today ielts essays pollution, relatively few Americans have been a part of wartime service or any other form of national programs (110). Without military service by the majority of the people, the armed forces concerns, responsibilities, and understanding are lost. Consequently, the loss of the draft is also resulting in American loss of national unity. Today edit my college essay free, the all-volunteer military force continues to be the United States’ backbone and strength in protecting United States homeland security. Since the conclusion of the Vietnam War and the end of the draft, the U.S. military has been comprised of all volunteers. The all-volunteer army’s 35-year commitment, professionalism, and enhanced cohesion due to the strains of military combat are the very core of unity (113). Each troop is responsible not only for his own actions and survival, but for his neighboring soldier’s as well. Grigsby concludes that this enhanced cohesion, although essential to combat environment, has the undesired effect of civilian and troop inability to be part of the other’s world. The military views the average American as leading a soft life, and the civilians have no comprehension of the values and realities of the soldier. Oftentimes, the only connection they have with one another is through family (113). In conclusion, while there is dissension, the United States needs to reinstitute compulsory conscription. The increase in American citizen participation in the army will broaden their understanding and acceptance of military responsibilities and concerns. Eventually, military volunteerism will result once the public understands the true meaning of citizenship. Once again, the public will be a well-informed public. Unification between the military and the American civilian worlds will occur, and American national pride will increase. The resultant expansion of the U.S. armed forces will ensure American safety. However, Congress and the Pentagon need to act on draft implementation before it is too late. Today, the world recognizes the United States as a dominant military force, and its citizens live in a free nation and enjoy many rights and comforts as a part of that recognition. Very shortly, this may no longer be the case essay about family importance, as freedom needs continuous protection made difficult by a war-torn and depleted army. Unfortunately, the low number of American military forces threatens the freedom of American society. Without increasing military personnel, freedom will become a thing of the past. Future generations of America will no longer live in the same United States. Oppression, violence, and the loss of civil rights will become their reality. As Ronald Reagan’s words of wisdom confirm: “The Bush Presidency.” Issues and Controversies on File. 13 Feb. 2009. Issues & Controversies. Facts on File News Services. Web. 9 July 2009. Greenya, J. “Should Community Service Be Required.” CQ Researcher 11 (June 2006): 13–61. CQ Researcher Online. Web. 2 July 2009. This student-generated research paper demonstrates the following: Korb, Lawrence J. “Should the All Volunteer Force Be Replaced by Universal Mandatory National Service? Con.” Congressional Digest 85.7 (Sep. 2006): 217–219. Military & Government Collection. Web. 2 Jul. 2009. “National High School Debate Topic: National Service and Volunteerism.” Issues & Controversies on File. 25 Aug. 2006. Issues & Controversies. Facts on File News Services. Web. 15 July 2009. Anonymous. Deputy G6, MSE of the 10th Mountain Division. Personal interview. 28 June 2009. Greenblatt, Alan. “Upward Mobility.” CQ Researcher 15.16 (June 2005): 369–392. CQ Researcher Online. Web. 3 July 2009. Certainly, the United States is suffering a severe economic recession. However, institution of the draft would lead to positive economic consequences. For example, the draft would provide a source of full-time income for otherwise jobless Americans, thus reducing America’s high unemployment rates. Supporting this, Galston observes that this was certainly the case during the 1974–75 recessions and the recession of 1982–83 (219). Similarly, the increased number of training posts would open up countless numbers of jobs for civilians master thesis topics in higher education, thus also succeeding in reducing unemployment rates. Additionally how to do outlines for research papers, the economic crisis would have the effect of retaining those already enlisted in the armed forces. In fact, a research group found that for each one percent increase in the unemployment rate, retention rates went up two percent in the military (Marshall). Additionally, an economist at the University of Chicago, Gary Becker, argues that the financing of a large volunteer army during a long war increases tax rates, and the draft would directly affect lowered budget costs per soldier (Marshall). Therefore best scholarship essay examples, reinstating compulsory conscription would not only aid America through this economic crisis, but would also increase our force strength during America’s global war on terror. This is Carol Rivers’ research paper, printed and edited with her permission. In-text citations never use web URL addresses.
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