6. Conclusion – or summing up? Tip: For a nice types of outlines for essays, stylistic twist you can reuse a theme from the introduction in your conclusion. For example, you might present a particular scenario in one way in your introduction, and then return to it in your conclusion from a different – richer or contrasting – perspective. If it is common in your discipline to reflect upon your experiences as a practitioner, this is the place to present them. In the remainder of your thesis, this kind of information should be avoided, particularly if it has not been collected systematically. Academic writing often means having a discussion with yourself (or some imagined opponent). To open your discussion, there are several options available. You may, for example: The final section of your thesis may take one of several different forms. Some theses need a conclusion, while for others a summing up will be appropriate. The decisive factor will be the nature of your thesis statement and research question. Not all theses have a separate theory section. In the IMRaD format the theory section is included in the introduction, and the second chapter covers the methods used. The research question can be formulated as one main question with (a few) more specific sub-questions or in the form of a hypothesis that will be tested. Observe to what extent these different openings inspire you, and choose the approach most appropriate to your topic. For example about my pet essay, do you want to spur emotions, or remain as neutral as possible? How important is the historical background? The exercise can be done in small groups or pairs. Discuss what makes an opening paragraph successful (or not). How does your opening paragraph shed light on what is to follow? What will the reader’s expectations be? In general the abstract should be the last thing that you write, when you know what you have actually written. It is nevertheless a good idea to work on a draft continuously. Writing a good abstract is difficult, since it should only include the most important points of your work. But this is also why working on your abstract can be useful – it forces you to identify exactly what it is you are writing about. What kind of theory should you choose? Since the theory is the foundation for your data analysis it can be useful to select a theory that lets you distinguish between, and categorise different phenomena. Other theories let you develop the various nuances of a phenomenon. In other words essay on hamlet, you have a choice of either reducing the complexity of your data or expanding upon something that initially looks simple. What is considered a relevant background depends on your field and its traditions. Background information might be historical in nature, or it might refer to previous research or practical considerations. You can also focus on a specific text essay comparison and contrast, thinker or problem. It often makes sense to put the outline at the end of the introduction, but this rule is not set in stone. Use discretion: What is most helpful for the reader? The information should come at the right point – not too early and not too late. The sections below discuss each of these elements in turn. There are usually no formal requirements for forewords, but it is common practice to thank your supervisors examples of systems for thesis, informants the customer is always right essay, and others who have helped and supported you. If you have received any grants or research residencies, you should also acknowledge these. If you are analysing human actions, you may want to engage the reader’s emotions. In this case it will be important to choose analytical categories that correlate to your chosen theory. Engaging emotions is not the main point, but a way to elucidate the phenomenon so that the reader understands it in a new and better way. What are the economic consequences of power grid instabilities? (Some indicative statistics would be enough to make your point free student written essays, you wouldn't need masses of statistics.) But think about why you read abstracts and what you hope to get out of them, and ask if you're happy just getting "promotional material" or whether you'd rather get the whole story checking papers for plagiarism free, including key results. in a nutshell. See the literature review section for more detailed information. Provides the rationale for proceeding in the way you did and perhaps for why you have organised things the way you have (e.g. explaining why the literature review is scattered throughout the "papers for publication" chapters rather than being in a separate chapter as is common. The Introduction in Lewis Wolpert's book, The Unnatural Nature of Science (Biol Sc and Ipswich: Q175 .W737) comparison essay write, gives a good example of what a useful outline looks like.) If you present your results separately from your discussion, then the Results section for quantitative research is where you: A common structure is to start with the broadest possible motivation and then gradually narrow the scope until the particular focus of the thesis or article is reached (e.g. Example 4). However, some writers prefer to start with a statement of the aim of the research, then proceed to give the arguments for pursuing that aim. ( Because of these reasons or observations, I'm going to do this. as opposed to: I am going to do this because of these reasons .) One possible structure is an introductory section that provides a justification and explanation of the methodological approach(es) chosen, followed by relevant elements of the classical sub-sections: It might help here to think of your Introduction as being what you would tell an educated friend who wanted to know what your research is all about and why you are doing it essay about my village, while the Literature Review is for other researchers in the field. It needs to be noted master thesis of, however, that in some disciplines or areas the Introduction includes the Literature Review, and so can be quite lengthy. The abstract is a short version of the entire thesis which should answer the following five questions (not necessarily in this order or separately): Note that the following provides general guidelines and suggestions only, as there is considerable variation in the ways theses are organised. Some of the suggestions may need to be adapted to meet the needs of your particular thesis.
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